John F Kennedy Civil Rights Address Research Paper

John F Kennedy Civil Rights Address - Research Paper Example worldwide struggle towards equal rights and goes on to argue that all Americans irrespective of their color should be offered equal treatment in places of public accommodation. He purports that every American has a moral obligation to be treated equally. It can also be observed that rhetorical devices such as the choice of diction, imageries, statistical data, and tone contribute to the persuasiveness of the speech. For instance, the use of phrases such as â€Å"ought to be possible† and â€Å"ought to have the right† clearly emphasize this sense of moral responsibility towards equal treatment and freedom. This has been aptly suggested by Newman when the author states: â€Å"the repetitive use of "it ought to be possible" is an effective way to point out the different levels of freedom that restricted the average Negro citizen† (Newman). Kennedy also seeks the help of statistical data (such as ‘one-half’, ‘one-third’, ‘twice as muc h’, and ‘half as much’) to convince his audience the white-black disparity that governs the society. Similarly, in his speech, Kennedy offers a number of instances where unequal treatment and discrimination is shown toward the Negros. These instances are capable of creating so many vivid images or mental pictures in the minds of the audience. President Kennedy then directs his audience towards the depth of the issue and leads the audience to think about the possible solutions. He makes it clear that segregation and discrimination is prevalent in almost all states of America and calls for the need to frame new legislations to tackle the issue. However, he warns his white audience that the nation is ‘confronted primarily with a moral issue’ and exhorts everyone to ask their conscience whether they are able to grant ‘equal... The intention of this study is "Civil Rights Address" by John F Kennedy. as a landmark in the nation’s pursuit towards abandoning racial discrimination and segregation. All throughout the speech, Kennedy persuades his listeners/audience to ensure civil rights, racial equality and equal treatment in the nation. The address is quite persuasive in nature and President Kennedy has successfully employed various rhetorical strategies all throughout the speech. No doubt, the speech appeals to the ethos, logos and pathos of the audience; stylistic features such as the use of imagery, appropriate language, and tone enhance the credibility and persuasive nature of the discourse. The speech can also be understood as President Kennedy’s attempt to defend and justify his controversial decision to admit two qualified Negroes into the University of Alabama in Birmingham. One also needs to keep in mind there were ongoing demonstrations, parades and rallies for equal civil rights within the nation. The speech clearly points out two key issues that haunt the American society-racism and prejudice. Thus, the speech offers the audience a thorough understanding of the speaker’s concern over the current issue of segregation in the nation. This paper tries to identify the specific rhetorical aspects of Kennedy’s speech and in doing so the paper seeks to draw evidences from the address as well. Kennedy's â€Å"Civil Rights Address† blends a variety of rhetorical elements and it is this address which paved the way for equal civil rights in America.

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified Essay

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified - Essay Example But was Truman’s decision justified or was ill informed? A controversial event in history that has divided scholars right in the middle, the use of the Atomic Bomb was but a justified decision that spared the United States an estimated 250,000, perhaps more, sure fatalities in there planned invasion of Japan in addition to millions of Japanese [soldiers and civilians alike] destined for a bloody fight-to-the-death battle in defense of a beloved fatherland. The True Story While the weight of the fateful decision fell right on the shoulders of Truman, the origins of the weapon began with the Roosevelt administration’s fear of a parallel development of the same by Germany. Leo Szilard’s confidential letter to the then President Franklin Roosevelt, signed off by his longtime friend and collaborator Albert Einstein, outlining Germany’s concerted efforts on nuclear weapons formed the foundation of the Manhattan Project [S-1], â€Å"one of the largest, best-kept secret, massive resource consuming, scientific undertakings ever witnessed in history† (Walker 311-312). Indeed, even Truman, the then vice president had no knowledge of the project and only learnt of it in office. Though actively engaged in atomic research, German scientists, as it would later turn out right after Germany’s surrender, were far from reaching a fissionable chemical combination that could deliver results rivaling the United States’. Japan’s similar initiatives were thrown into disarray in April 1945 with a B-29 raid on Tokyo facilities leaving anything of the sort inundated. (Frank 252-253). The fall of the previously Japanese controlled Marianas Islands early in the campaign gave the United States formidable footholds of bringing the war closer home to the remaining Japanese strongly-held islands. With surrender heavily disdained, reinforcement directives from Imperial General Headquarters [IGHQ] detailed in the â€Å"Plan for the Conduct of Future Operations† went out on the 24th July, 1944 with four points: 1. Patriotic defense of the Philippines, Ryukyu, Kurile, Formosa, Japan Islands and the entire Japanese homeland from the shoreline right into the interior. 2. Massive annihilation of the Allies by sea, land and by the remaining air power for any attempted advance through the United States’ planned amphibious assault to the crucial areas [the â€Å"Sho-Go† Operations]. 3. The last two points called for the prevention of American B-29 aircraft attacks operating from China to ensure better cover [overrunning China bomber bases to open up continental railroads as an alternative route to their Southern Resources Area]. 4. Identifying alternative southern sea routes [particularly to the China Coast] to safeguard important military shipments (Bradlley 189). With the new SHO operations that basically enlarged mobile defense writ, Japan hoped to gain decisive victory no matter the beachhead attacked by the enemy. SHO-1 and SHO-2, the battles of Philippines and Formosa-Ryukyu were planned for august; followed by SHO-3 and SHO-4 in the home islands and Hokkaido scheduled for October 1944. Having identified possible planned landing bases by the invasion forces, the supposedly defeated Japanese strategically stationed themselves to meet the visitors head-on at an equal strength. As a tactical approach, they [Japanese] planned to abandoned direct combat with the powerfully

Globalisation In The Banking Industry Finance Essay

Globalisation In The Banking Industry Finance Essay Banking industry is one of the crucial industries that influences the global economy. It is the industry that encourages the growth in investments by its funding. They are so many factors that drive change in the industry. Drivers of globalisation in banking industry are discussed below. Drivers of globalisation The drivers of globalisation are explained according to the yips model. Source: Based on G. Yip, Total Global Strategy II, FT/Prentice Hall, 2003, chapter 2. Applying this to the banking industry. Most particularly retail banking. The important factors that drive globalisation in the industry are issues regarding legal, customer relations and wishes, technological advancement and the crucial thing is profit. Legal regulations as a driver Operating globally may bring in a number of issues regarding legal that is with the laws of the particular country in which a bank is operating. There may be organisational problems within the bank or legal concerns. Global operations need good leadership with which they are able to respond to the government policies. The bank organising globally has to respond individually to the local governments regarding regulations or deregulations. This is essential component in the business because they have to change the interest rates and taxes on the services they provide to the customers. This effects their business with the customers. It doesnt mean only the taxes and interest rates counts when dealing with regulations and deregulations. Payments directive and financial services action plan in UK is one among them. Source: FUTURE OF BANKING IN A GLOBALISED WORLD, Chris Skinner, 2007. Mergers and acquisitions are highly effected by the regulations. Mergers may happen between two national banks or between two international banks. The terms and conditions followed at the time of merging depend on the regulations that are applied in a particular country. For instance consider the case of laws that guide mergers and acquisitions in European Union are related to the economical conditions of the joining partners. They state that the turnover of the individual participant should be more than 250 million Euros and their turnover together should be more than 5 billion Euros. The individual turnover of the bank operating abroad should be more than one third of the turnover of the bank. These regulations are concerned about the financial stability of the banks after the merger. If the banks are willing to merge, their strong financial conditions resist any adverse effects that come under their way. But in the case of small banks, those do not satisfy the conditions of merger , these regulations suffer them a lot. There were cases where small banks merged to form a big bank. But these regulations resist them from doing so. This is the case where legal activities control the banking industry. Source: www.nbs.sk Customer requirements as a driver Planning according to the customers preferences and delivering services up to the customers satisfaction has become the main formula for the success of the banks. It is important in every business to find out an influential customer, that is a customer who brings in more profits to the bank and also who inspires others to join the business with the bank. If that customer is met with all his requirements in banking, he will become the true ambassador for the bank. Of course the needs of the customers in dealing with the bank all over the world are same. They need quality of service and security for their savings. However the requirements of an influential customer vary according to his willingness and trust to invest in a bank. There may be social and cultural factors that influence the customers interests and requirements. Source: Exploring corporate strategy 7th edition, Gerry Johnson, kevan Scholes, Richard Whittington, 2004 Technology as a driver Internet has become a great boom to the banking industry. It gave the industry the opportunity to serve better to the customers and to develop cross-border communication with the employees and customers as well. It helps in providing privilege customers the advanced banking services, promoting services for new customers, making customer retention by continuously maintaining customer relations etc. Source: Internet marketing, David Chaffey, 2006 On the other hand, internet banking has raised security concerns about transfer of money online and third-party deposit services. To the customers using internet fraudsters send mails asking for account details and passwords pretending to be like bankers. The customers those respond to the mails will be targeted to get money. These types of actions alerted the banks to develop technology to counter the actions. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7091206.stm Profitability as a driver Obviously the ultimate aim of any bank is to make as much profit as they can. Generally to gain profits they concentrate on savings of the customers. They plan converting the short term savings of the customers into profits that yield more profits. In retail banking the long term profit yielding products for the banks are fixed deposits, house loans etc. Source: The business environment 5th ed, Ian Worthington and Chris Britton, 2006 In this present economic downturn of the world, the banks are facing the worst situation in the decade. To face these adverse effects the central banks of almost all the countries started repair work to fuel the economy by decreasing the interest rates there by encouraging the investors to do business with the banks. Source:http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/interactive/2008/oct/21/creditcrunch Localisation Localisation in case of banking industry means designing itself according to the rules and regulations of a particular country. Generally countries demand for localisation irrespective of the foreign bank, as they do not want to be dominated. Retail banking is one of the industries that undergo localisation primarily. However localisation is benefiting the banks in having a wide range of products globally there by analysing the customers tastes and concerns. It helps them to gain information regarding customers needs to be met locally. In recent days local governments are deregulating the rules to boost globalisation. Source: Global strategic management, Philippe Lasserre, 2002 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES Any industry operating globally has so many factors that influence it in the external environment. Political Governments decision has an influential change in the prospects of the banking industry in a country. Governmental decisions have been a more important factor for the globalisation of the banking industry. Political stand over allowing the foreign countries to do business in their countries decides the extent of entry barriers into the country. Source: Corporate Strategy 4th ed, Richard Lynch, 2005 Economical Downing of the inflation is the main factor that reflects the fall in the economical condition . The one of the factors for decline in the economy are lower inflation occurring gradually. The one of the reasons for the decline in the retail price index excluding mortgage interest rates from 5.5 % in September to 4.7 % in October clearly states that the drastic situation faced by the banks. Inflation CPI down to 4.5%, RPI down to 4.2% Annual inflation rates 12 month % change Source: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=19 The central bank decreases interest rates which in turn reduces the interest rates of all the banks funding mortgages. Bank of England is planning to cut its interest rates drastically to 2 % as when it was in the initial days. Source: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4bd8c730-c16b-11dd-831e-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1 Social Social trends in the banking, which means the sections of population those who utilise the banking products are essential in planning a strategy for the customers. For instance more than half of the people of Britain are aware of the banking products through dailies, televisions etc. Awareness and individual requirements of the customers are essential to plan a strategy for a bank. With the increased technology the banks are effectively communicating with customers, media and investors. In this way banks are always observed by the society in all means. Source: http://www.ginns.info/Retail%20banking.pdf Technology Technology is proven to be the best tool for the globalisation in banking industry. It plays a vital role in providing financial services to the customers. With use of sophisticated technology, the concerned bank can be able to find out the preferences of the customers. Basing on the preferences of the customer, the services are advertised for him through the mails etc. Also investing in ATM technology took the pain and pressure away from the banks. Now it is easy to access money from pay points etc. The customer is no need to go to bank stand there in queue for hours together to do transactions. Source: FUTURE OF BANKING IN A GLOBALISED WORLD, Chris Skinner, 2007 Legal Regulations of the banking system is mainly undertaken to control the financial conditions of the banks there by decreasing the domination of the foreign economy on the country. There are different ways in regulating the banks. UK and US banks follow risk based system to regulate the banks. Source: Banking regulations of UK and US financial markets, Dalvinder Singh, 2007 Opportunities and threats There are many opportunities of the banking industry. For instance the euro currency offers less cost borrowing or the chance to provide new debts to a large number of investors. According to the international monetary systems governments of different nations undertake rules that will influence firms. The financial position and the opportunities abroad attract the organisations to do business in their countries. The foreign exchange market that are used by many organisations provides the opportunity to gain profits. Source: International business 4th ed., Alan M.Ruman, Simon Collinson, Richard M.Hodgetts , 2005 Threats to banking industry are mainly related to technology. The technology used by the fraudsters by dominating the banking technology troubles the customers which in turn causes damages to the reputation of a bank. If a bank loses reputation in terms of security, its trustworthiness among the customers decreases. This damages the brand value which results in decrease in customer retention. Source: http://www.icc-ccs.org HSBC Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited founded in the year 1865 is one of the top banks in the world. It holds operations in nearly 85 countries all over the world. Its headquarters is located in the London. Strengths It has the shareholders number of nearly 2, 00,000 in 100 countries. They need different services and diversified requirements. Having dealt with all the diversified customers world wide, it is capable of estimating consumer tastes and concerns. Instead it confidently advertises itself as The Worlds Local bank, which reflects its adaptability to the local needs and cultures. It whole heartedly responds to the individual customer from which it gains required knowledge to serve the other customer with same needs. The awards and rewards it achieved are the measurements for its sincere contribution to the customers. HSBC won awards in all most all categories that are responsible for the banks success. The list of awards is given below HSBC generated revenue of 87,601 million dollars in the financial year that completed in December 2007. It was 25% high than previous year and the operating profit was 22,709 million dollars which was 6.9% high when compared to previous year. Net profit was 19,133 million dollars with an increase of 21.2% on 2006. The most of the profits it gained were from the developing economies. Source: http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1907489g=1 With the global experience it has, it can deliver a perfect solution for the complex supply chain network of the customer utilising HSBCs talented resources. Having well versed in utilising sophisticated technology, it follows online dealing with customers rather than going on papers. High level of information exchange can be done with speed and accuracy at the same time cost-effective measures are indulged in their business. Source: http://www.hsbc.co.nz/nz/corp/trade/eservices/supplychain.htm Weaknesses Even though it is a well established brand globally, it realised lately the advantages of performing under one brand name. The action was taken place in the year 1998. Until then it used to perform under various names in various countries. This might had created confusion among its customers who thought that their strong local brand was being taken over by some foreign bank. This misunderstanding caused some considerable loss to the bank. It suffered slight stagnation of revenue in 2006 when compared to the previous year due to increase in bad debts. Source: http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/782667.html Financial analysis Here the financial analysis of HSBC is done by comparing three months and nine months profits with that of the previous year that ended in September 2006 respectively. Finance and other interest income lost by 727 million dollars and 1483 million dollars respectively. On as a whole it got 271 million dollars loss where it was 1,102 million dollars for the same period of three months that ended in September 2006. On the other hand it recorded 1,461 million dollars loss when compared to that of nine months that ended in Sep 2006. Source:http://www.hsbc.com/1/PA_1_1_S5/content/assets/investor_relations/hfc2008form10q_3q.pdf Competitors The main competitors of HSBC are Barclays Citigroup Royal bank of Scotland Barclays Barclay has 1,700 branches in UK alone and around 2,000 branches in Europe, Africa, Asia and the America. The bank also contributes financial products, corporate finance etc. It is one of the largest investing companies operating under the name Barclays Global Investors. In this year it owned North American investment banking and Lehman brothers for approx. one billion pounds. Citigroup It is one of the large financial companies in the world with 3,000 branches in America and Canada and more than 2,000 in several parts of the world. It is the first American bank to own 1 trillion dollars valued assets. Due to the financial downturn it faced in 2007 its CEO Chuck Prince left the job. Royal bank of Scotland It operates under the names of Royal bank of Scotland and NatWest. It has nearly 2,300 UK branches offering financial services. In the America it has Citizens Financial which is one of the USs largest foreign-managed bank. Following the shareholders demand UK government took 60 percent of stakes in the recent days of 2008. Source: http://www.hoovers.com/free/ Conclusion Here in this work the environmental influences on the banking industry are discussed. The main constituents in the banking industry are customer satisfaction, technological advancements, regulations and deregulations and most importantly profits. These four factors act as drivers of change in the banking industry. Out of all without losing the identity the banking industry should be able to adapt changes that occur locally. To discuss more extensively HSBC is considered as an example and the environmental changes on the bank are discussed. Out of all observations the bank is performing very well.

The Development of Fission and the Nuclear Reactor Essay -- Essays Pap

The Development of Fission and the Nuclear Reactor Nuclear transmutations had began in 1919 with an experiment by Earnest Rutherford. He demonstrated that nitrogen, when bombarded with alpha particles, can be turned into oxygen. During the 1920’s experiments continued, but collecting radioactive sources with a high enough intensity became hard. In 1931 the invention of the cyclotron and the Van de Graaff accelerator made a variety of other particles available, and strengthened nuclear studies. In 1934 Frederick Joliot discovered artificial radioactivity. The development of nuclear fission, the splitting of an elements heavy nucleus, like a uranium atom to form two lighter "fission fragments" as well as less massive particles as the neutrons, really began with the research of Enrico Fermi and his associates at the University of Rome, in Italy. In 1934 it was known that atoms consisted of a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. It was also known that certain nuclei were radioactive. Radioactive nuclei emit alpha particles, which are pieces of nuclear matter containing two protons and two neutrons. After the alpha particle leaves the nucleus radium is changed into radon. If the radon gas is combined with several grams of beryllium then neutrons are found to be emitted. When the alpha particle enters a beryllium nucleus it provides enough kinetic energy for a neutron to burst out, leaving behind a carbon nucleus in the process. It was later determined that this energy could be harnessed by a nuclear reactor and used for power. A nuclear reactor causes a interaction between two or more nuclei, nuclear particles, or radiation, causing fission. Nuclear reactors are used ... ...one strives to use energy wisely, existing resources will last longer. Less damage to the environment will occur. Thanks to the development of nuclear fission and the nuclear reactor, our society has seen many changes over the past 65 years. Nuclear energy has helped to take our country into the next era. From medical uses to powering submarines, nuclear energy has provided us with a much more advanced and efficient way of creating electricity and power. Bibliography Allison, Samuel. Constructive Uses of Atomic Energy. Freeport, NY: Harper& Row, Publishers, Inc, 1971. Dietz, David. Atomic Science, Bombs and Power. New York, NY: Collier Books, 1962. Graetzer, Hans. The Discovery of Nuclear Fission. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1971. Williams, Robert. The American Atom. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984.

Jane Eyre

In this essay I will be exploring how Charlotte Bronte conveys hardships in her portrayal of life. Furthermore the issue of life in Victorian England and what Victorian readers may think of the treatment of children will also be looked upon. Many of the hardships that children face are shown through the several descriptions and the actions of characters that are close to Jane. Throughout the text we learn that the novel explores the lack of rights and mistreatment of an orphan by her rich relatives. The issues of child abuse are often considered between the Reed family. In the novel the portrayal of the reed children seems to interfere with Jane's life. The author emphasises them to be unfriendly and unkind to Jane as she is an adopted sister. They are shown as being immoral and haughty. They like to abuse Jane because they feel she is inferior. Their feelings of superiority towards Jane are what cause them to intimidate and torment Jane. The depiction of John Reed shows him to be a bully and unaffectionate: â€Å"John had not much affection for his mother or sisters† which indicates ungratefulness from John towards the rest of his family. Bronte tries to characterize him as a murderer. The quotation â€Å"I really saw in him a tyrant: a murderer† shows Jane's feelings towards John; that he is ruthless and bloodthirsty. This is so that the audience can realise how and what Jane feels about her unintelligent cousin. The portrayal of Georgina differs greatly from that of John. A â€Å"spoiled tempered† brat at the mere stage of childhood is the interpretation of Georgina. She is shown as being spiteful through the quote â€Å"acrid spite† and is additionally perceived to be arrogant which is publicized by the extract â€Å"insolent carriage†. These extracts indicate to us that despite the lack of violence that Georgina contributes towards Jane, Jane still dislikes Georgina. Other attributes of Georgina are her â€Å"pink cheeks† and â€Å"golden curls†. These underline features of Georgina that Jane likes, and could possibly be implying that she herself may want to develop the attributes of beauty seen within Georgina, as Jane may not be self confident of her own image. Eliza is pictorised as being â€Å"Eliza who was headstrong and selfish was respected† indicating the personality of Eliza. Eliza is also depicted as being quick-witted. There is no evident quote however by reading between the lines we can obtain this from the passage â€Å"Eliza just put her head in at the door, and said at once: â€Å"She is in the window-seat to be sure Jack. † Bronte dictates Jane's feelings so the audience are conscious of how and what Jane feels. Mrs Reed is another character of the novel. The way she treats Jane differs greatly from her own children's treatment. As the responsible adult of the household she is a role model for all the children, however her behaviour is not only damaging Jane, it is also harming her own children. Jane's harsh treatment from all the family is what causes her to be isolated and unsociable. She treats her children with respect, care and love. We can accumulate this information from the text â€Å"Eliza, John and Georgina were now clustered round their mama in the drawing-room: she lay reclined on the sofa by the fireside, and with her darlings about her (for the time neither quarrelling nor crying) looking perfectly happy. † On the other hand her treatment towards Jane is cruel, unjust and inconsiderate. The quotation â€Å"she really must exclude me from privileges intended only for contended, happy little children. † Shows us how immensely the treatment of Jane fluctuates from her cousins. Mrs Reed also treats Jane with unsympathetic punishment. For example when John Reed and Jane had a brawl, Jane was the one who was punished regardless of the fact that John began it. This is when Jane is sent to the red room; â€Å"Take her away into the red-room, and lock her in there† this indicates unfairness from Mrs Reed towards Jane as instead of John being reprimanded she is chastising Jane. All in all Mrs Reeds actions affect Jane in the worst ways possible. This is because as being the adult and landlord of the house she must control the actions of herself and others, however she does not do this for Jane's benefit therefore Jane is affected drastically. Not only do the actions of one adult articulate the way someone is treated but it is the way a certain group treats someone. In this case there are just three other adults in Jane's life that either treat her moderately or dishonestly. Abbot is loyal towards her mistress, Mrs Reed, and treats Jane the way Mrs Reed would treat her. The quotation â€Å"No; you are less than a servant, for you do nothing for your keep. † indicates that despite Jane is a member of the Reed family she is not treated to be as one by both the children and Abbot. Mr Lloyd is an â€Å"apothecary† who is treating Jane the day after her encounter with, what she recalled as being, a spirit. We learn that Jane is happy in Mr Lloyd's presence as he is a stranger to the occupants of Gateshead and due to this she is protected in his attendance. We can attain this from the quotation â€Å"I felt an inexpressible relief, a soothing conviction of protection and security, when I knew that there was a stranger in the room, an individual not belonging to Gateshead, and not related to Mrs. Reed. † this indicates that Jane is elated as in the presence of a stranger as she will not be physically abused. This in effect proclaims that Jane has a predominant fear of the Reed's especially Mrs Reed and John Reed. Bessie is manifested as someone who has a love for Jane to some extent as her opinion on Jane changes after the occurrence in the Red Room. However, when Jane misbehaves she handles her appropriately. Her treatment towards Jane is proclaimed through the text â€Å"Missis was rather too hard† which denotes that even Bessie finds Mrs Reed's treatment towards Jane extremely inconsiderate and inappropriate. On the other hand she treats Jane appropriately when Jane misbehaves or is blamed such as the incident after the fight; â€Å"If you don't sit still, you must be tied down,† which corroborates that Bessie is a fair person and is un-opinionated person towards Jane. Bronte also creates various moods to help the spectators appreciate Jane's situation. The weather is related to the mood that Jane will elaborate on in the following and upcoming paragraphs. We can notify this from the quote â€Å"the cold winter had brought with it clouds so sombre, and a rain so penetrating, that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question. † This depicts the darkness, and darkness is usually related with evil and the presence of something terrible about to happen. The weather is like this on the day of Jane's fight with John Reed and the mood at the beginning of the chapter spawns suspense to some degree. Furthermore, the situation of the Reed accommodation is upon the heath. This shows isolation as there is nothing surrounding the house but grass and other greenery. It, in some ways, relates to Jane as she is isolated in the Reed household. Everyone is opposing her and no one is there to offer her help with the circumstances she is facing such as reciprocated abuse. Charlotte Bronte makes Jane's fears pragmatic through the dialogue and the description of the Red room. The quotation â€Å"the carpet was red; the table at the foot of the bed was covered with a crimson cloth;† depicts the colour of the room; red, hence the name â€Å"The Red Room†. Jane describes the Red room as being â€Å"one of the largest and stateliest chambers in the mansion. † She also describes some furniture such as â€Å"a bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask,† Bronte does this so that reader gets an insight of the Red rooms features. The author starts to build up suspense by introducing that â€Å"Mr. Reed had been dead nine years: it was in this chamber he breathed his last:† which at once has a dramatic impact on the reader. It brings about the idea of the room being red. Red habitually relates to blood and the demise of Mr Reed enhances the flavour. Jane's fears are then brought to life through the text â€Å"and the strange little figure stood there gazing at me, with a white face and arms speckling the gloom,† this makes us sense a palpable atmosphere of mystery and the supernatural activities. This is somewhat retrospective of the death of Mr Reed and the connection of Red with blood, as now there is a traditional scheme of a ghost dwelling in the room of someone's bereavement. As Jane wakes up we notice that within the next few lines Jane's mood changes rapidly. At first she calm and collective, while she reflects on herself for example; â€Å"All said I was wicked, and perhaps I might be so:† but then after conceiving another paranormal vision her mood turns to anxious and petrified. The segments â€Å"My heart beat thick, my head grew hot† and â€Å"I rushed to the door and shook the door in desperate effort† expose Jane's fears as she is attempting to escape the room as her vision panics her. Bronte also exemplifies school life in her novel. In this she illustrates the daily hardships that young orphan children face. In this chapter we recognise that Jane isn't the only child being neglected. She uses Helen Burns as an example of the destitutions facing children. For example the fragment â€Å"the teacher instantly and sharply inflicted on her neck a dozen strokes with the bunch of twigs. † Which acquaints us that Jane isn't the lone child suffering. She also depicts the teacher to be inconsiderate and inequitable. For instance â€Å"Burns: her memory seemed to have retained the substance of the whole lesson, and she was ready with answers on every point. I kept expecting Miss Scatcherd would praise her attention† this demonstrates inequality and impoliteness from the teacher towards the pupil. There is also a poor quality of life for the residents of Lowood such as â€Å"the water was frozen† and â€Å"Breakfast time came at last, and this morning the porridge was not burnt; the quality was eatable, the quantity small; how small my portion seemed! I wish it had been doubled† this implies that the children are being malnourished. The schools are also cold which we can obtain from the text â€Å"I felt ready to perish with cold. and overcrowded; â€Å"in the course of the day I was enrolled a member of the fourth class,† this all indicates that school life for children was unimaginably pitiless and spiteful and living conditions were criticisable. All in all, throughout the first three chapters, we ascertain that life in Victorian England was appalling especially for orphan children. The poor had to work to earn a living, however, for the rich it was a walk in the park. Regardless of the fact that people had not to accept someone, they did although only for the sake of their reputation. This is what the Reed family did and accommodated Jane. However by doing so they may not comprehend the anguish they are presenting the adopted child. We also learn that school life for children in Victorian England was a disregard towards them as they were disrespected and ignored. The living conditions for children in the schools were abysmal as there were a number of students in one class and they were all emaciated. This may make Victorian readers think that the treatment of children was, to an intensity, immensely astringent, horrendous and unreasonable. It may also make them think about how they treated their children and whether they had mentally and physically destroyed their child's emotions by means of neglection. Bronte may have done this so that she could express her life to the public. She used her experiences in the Evangelical school and as governess to publish â€Å"Jane Eyre†. Also her experience at the Clergy Daughter's School, which she left due to harsh conditions, could be another reason. Overall her lifetime experiences are the reasons for her to publish this novel. Jane Eyre In this essay I will be exploring how Charlotte Bronte conveys hardships in her portrayal of life. Furthermore the issue of life in Victorian England and what Victorian readers may think of the treatment of children will also be looked upon. Many of the hardships that children face are shown through the several descriptions and the actions of characters that are close to Jane. Throughout the text we learn that the novel explores the lack of rights and mistreatment of an orphan by her rich relatives. The issues of child abuse are often considered between the Reed family. In the novel the portrayal of the reed children seems to interfere with Jane's life. The author emphasises them to be unfriendly and unkind to Jane as she is an adopted sister. They are shown as being immoral and haughty. They like to abuse Jane because they feel she is inferior. Their feelings of superiority towards Jane are what cause them to intimidate and torment Jane. The depiction of John Reed shows him to be a bully and unaffectionate: â€Å"John had not much affection for his mother or sisters† which indicates ungratefulness from John towards the rest of his family. Bronte tries to characterize him as a murderer. The quotation â€Å"I really saw in him a tyrant: a murderer† shows Jane's feelings towards John; that he is ruthless and bloodthirsty. This is so that the audience can realise how and what Jane feels about her unintelligent cousin. The portrayal of Georgina differs greatly from that of John. A â€Å"spoiled tempered† brat at the mere stage of childhood is the interpretation of Georgina. She is shown as being spiteful through the quote â€Å"acrid spite† and is additionally perceived to be arrogant which is publicized by the extract â€Å"insolent carriage†. These extracts indicate to us that despite the lack of violence that Georgina contributes towards Jane, Jane still dislikes Georgina. Other attributes of Georgina are her â€Å"pink cheeks† and â€Å"golden curls†. These underline features of Georgina that Jane likes, and could possibly be implying that she herself may want to develop the attributes of beauty seen within Georgina, as Jane may not be self confident of her own image. Eliza is pictorised as being â€Å"Eliza who was headstrong and selfish was respected† indicating the personality of Eliza. Eliza is also depicted as being quick-witted. There is no evident quote however by reading between the lines we can obtain this from the passage â€Å"Eliza just put her head in at the door, and said at once: â€Å"She is in the window-seat to be sure Jack. † Bronte dictates Jane's feelings so the audience are conscious of how and what Jane feels. Mrs Reed is another character of the novel. The way she treats Jane differs greatly from her own children's treatment. As the responsible adult of the household she is a role model for all the children, however her behaviour is not only damaging Jane, it is also harming her own children. Jane's harsh treatment from all the family is what causes her to be isolated and unsociable. She treats her children with respect, care and love. We can accumulate this information from the text â€Å"Eliza, John and Georgina were now clustered round their mama in the drawing-room: she lay reclined on the sofa by the fireside, and with her darlings about her (for the time neither quarrelling nor crying) looking perfectly happy. † On the other hand her treatment towards Jane is cruel, unjust and inconsiderate. The quotation â€Å"she really must exclude me from privileges intended only for contended, happy little children. † Shows us how immensely the treatment of Jane fluctuates from her cousins. Mrs Reed also treats Jane with unsympathetic punishment. For example when John Reed and Jane had a brawl, Jane was the one who was punished regardless of the fact that John began it. This is when Jane is sent to the red room; â€Å"Take her away into the red-room, and lock her in there† this indicates unfairness from Mrs Reed towards Jane as instead of John being reprimanded she is chastising Jane. All in all Mrs Reeds actions affect Jane in the worst ways possible. This is because as being the adult and landlord of the house she must control the actions of herself and others, however she does not do this for Jane's benefit therefore Jane is affected drastically. Not only do the actions of one adult articulate the way someone is treated but it is the way a certain group treats someone. In this case there are just three other adults in Jane's life that either treat her moderately or dishonestly. Abbot is loyal towards her mistress, Mrs Reed, and treats Jane the way Mrs Reed would treat her. The quotation â€Å"No; you are less than a servant, for you do nothing for your keep. † indicates that despite Jane is a member of the Reed family she is not treated to be as one by both the children and Abbot. Mr Lloyd is an â€Å"apothecary† who is treating Jane the day after her encounter with, what she recalled as being, a spirit. We learn that Jane is happy in Mr Lloyd's presence as he is a stranger to the occupants of Gateshead and due to this she is protected in his attendance. We can attain this from the quotation â€Å"I felt an inexpressible relief, a soothing conviction of protection and security, when I knew that there was a stranger in the room, an individual not belonging to Gateshead, and not related to Mrs. Reed. † this indicates that Jane is elated as in the presence of a stranger as she will not be physically abused. This in effect proclaims that Jane has a predominant fear of the Reed's especially Mrs Reed and John Reed. Bessie is manifested as someone who has a love for Jane to some extent as her opinion on Jane changes after the occurrence in the Red Room. However, when Jane misbehaves she handles her appropriately. Her treatment towards Jane is proclaimed through the text â€Å"Missis was rather too hard† which denotes that even Bessie finds Mrs Reed's treatment towards Jane extremely inconsiderate and inappropriate. On the other hand she treats Jane appropriately when Jane misbehaves or is blamed such as the incident after the fight; â€Å"If you don't sit still, you must be tied down,† which corroborates that Bessie is a fair person and is un-opinionated person towards Jane. Bronte also creates various moods to help the spectators appreciate Jane's situation. The weather is related to the mood that Jane will elaborate on in the following and upcoming paragraphs. We can notify this from the quote â€Å"the cold winter had brought with it clouds so sombre, and a rain so penetrating, that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question. † This depicts the darkness, and darkness is usually related with evil and the presence of something terrible about to happen. The weather is like this on the day of Jane's fight with John Reed and the mood at the beginning of the chapter spawns suspense to some degree. Furthermore, the situation of the Reed accommodation is upon the heath. This shows isolation as there is nothing surrounding the house but grass and other greenery. It, in some ways, relates to Jane as she is isolated in the Reed household. Everyone is opposing her and no one is there to offer her help with the circumstances she is facing such as reciprocated abuse. Charlotte Bronte makes Jane's fears pragmatic through the dialogue and the description of the Red room. The quotation â€Å"the carpet was red; the table at the foot of the bed was covered with a crimson cloth;† depicts the colour of the room; red, hence the name â€Å"The Red Room†. Jane describes the Red room as being â€Å"one of the largest and stateliest chambers in the mansion. † She also describes some furniture such as â€Å"a bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask,† Bronte does this so that reader gets an insight of the Red rooms features. The author starts to build up suspense by introducing that â€Å"Mr. Reed had been dead nine years: it was in this chamber he breathed his last:† which at once has a dramatic impact on the reader. It brings about the idea of the room being red. Red habitually relates to blood and the demise of Mr Reed enhances the flavour. Jane's fears are then brought to life through the text â€Å"and the strange little figure stood there gazing at me, with a white face and arms speckling the gloom,† this makes us sense a palpable atmosphere of mystery and the supernatural activities. This is somewhat retrospective of the death of Mr Reed and the connection of Red with blood, as now there is a traditional scheme of a ghost dwelling in the room of someone's bereavement. As Jane wakes up we notice that within the next few lines Jane's mood changes rapidly. At first she calm and collective, while she reflects on herself for example; â€Å"All said I was wicked, and perhaps I might be so:† but then after conceiving another paranormal vision her mood turns to anxious and petrified. The segments â€Å"My heart beat thick, my head grew hot† and â€Å"I rushed to the door and shook the door in desperate effort† expose Jane's fears as she is attempting to escape the room as her vision panics her. Bronte also exemplifies school life in her novel. In this she illustrates the daily hardships that young orphan children face. In this chapter we recognise that Jane isn't the only child being neglected. She uses Helen Burns as an example of the destitutions facing children. For example the fragment â€Å"the teacher instantly and sharply inflicted on her neck a dozen strokes with the bunch of twigs. † Which acquaints us that Jane isn't the lone child suffering. She also depicts the teacher to be inconsiderate and inequitable. For instance â€Å"Burns: her memory seemed to have retained the substance of the whole lesson, and she was ready with answers on every point. I kept expecting Miss Scatcherd would praise her attention† this demonstrates inequality and impoliteness from the teacher towards the pupil. There is also a poor quality of life for the residents of Lowood such as â€Å"the water was frozen† and â€Å"Breakfast time came at last, and this morning the porridge was not burnt; the quality was eatable, the quantity small; how small my portion seemed! I wish it had been doubled† this implies that the children are being malnourished. The schools are also cold which we can obtain from the text â€Å"I felt ready to perish with cold. and overcrowded; â€Å"in the course of the day I was enrolled a member of the fourth class,† this all indicates that school life for children was unimaginably pitiless and spiteful and living conditions were criticisable. All in all, throughout the first three chapters, we ascertain that life in Victorian England was appalling especially for orphan children. The poor had to work to earn a living, however, for the rich it was a walk in the park. Regardless of the fact that people had not to accept someone, they did although only for the sake of their reputation. This is what the Reed family did and accommodated Jane. However by doing so they may not comprehend the anguish they are presenting the adopted child. We also learn that school life for children in Victorian England was a disregard towards them as they were disrespected and ignored. The living conditions for children in the schools were abysmal as there were a number of students in one class and they were all emaciated. This may make Victorian readers think that the treatment of children was, to an intensity, immensely astringent, horrendous and unreasonable. It may also make them think about how they treated their children and whether they had mentally and physically destroyed their child's emotions by means of neglection. Bronte may have done this so that she could express her life to the public. She used her experiences in the Evangelical school and as governess to publish â€Å"Jane Eyre†. Also her experience at the Clergy Daughter's School, which she left due to harsh conditions, could be another reason. Overall her lifetime experiences are the reasons for her to publish this novel.

Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration

GHANA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (GIMPA) MBA (PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPTION) GMBA 799 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT STUDENT NAME: EMMANUEL SESSOU STUDENT ID NUMBER: MBAE 10040217 Question: Write a short note on the Balanced Scorecard Balanced Scorecard  Basics The balanced scorecard is a  strategic planning and management system  that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals.It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton as a performance measurement framework that added strategic non-financial performance measures to traditional financial metrics to give managers and executives a more ‘balanced' view of organizational performance. The balanced scorecard has evolved from its early use as a sim ple performance measurement framework to a full  strategic planning and management system. â€Å"The balanced scorecard retains traditional financial measures.But financial measures tell the story of past events, an adequate story for industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures are inadequate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation. The balanced scorecard suggests that we view the organization from four perspectives, and to develop metrics, collect data and analyze it relative to each of these perspectives: The Learning & Growth Perspective, The Business Process Perspective, The Customer Perspective and The Financial Perspective The Learning & Growth Perspective This perspective includes employee training a nd corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self-improvement. In a knowledge-worker organization, people — the only repository of knowledge — are the main resource.In the current climate of rapid technological change, it is becoming necessary for knowledge workers to be in a continuous learning mode. Metrics can be put into place to guide managers in focusing training funds where they can help the most. In any case, learning and growth constitute the essential foundation for success of any knowledge-worker organization. The Business Process Perspective This perspective refers to internal business processes. Metrics based on this perspective allow the managers to know how well their business is running, and whether its products and services conform to customer requirements (the mission).These metrics have to be carefully designed by those who know these processes most intimately; with our unique missions these are not something that can be d eveloped by outside consultants. The Customer Perspective Recent management philosophy has shown an increasing realization of the importance of customer focus and customer satisfaction in any business. These are leading indicators: if customers are not satisfied, they will eventually find other suppliers that will meet their needs. Poor performance from this perspective is thus a leading indicator of future decline, even though the current financial picture may look good.In developing metrics for satisfaction, customers should be analyzed in terms of kinds of customers and the kinds of processes for which we are providing a product or service to those customer groups. The Financial Perspective Kaplan and Norton do not disregard the traditional need for financial data. Timely and accurate funding data will always be a priority, and managers will do whatever necessary to provide it. In fact, often there is more than enough handling and processing of financial data.With the implementat ion of a corporate database, it is hoped that more of the processing can be centralized and automated. But the point is that the current emphasis on financials leads to the â€Å"unbalanced† situation with regard to other perspectives. There is perhaps a need to include additional financial-related data, such as risk assessment and cost-benefit data, in this category. Reference Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, â€Å"Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System,† Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996): 76.